Existentialism in Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis Essay -- Metamorpho

Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis is a masterfully written short story about Gregor Samsa, a man who devotes his life to his family and work, for nothing in return.   Only when he is transformed into a helpless beetle does he begin to develop a self-identity and understanding of the relationships around him.   The underlying theme of The Metamorphosis is an existential view that says any given choice will govern the later course of a person's life, and that the person has ultimate will over making choices.   In this case, Gregor?s lack of identity has caused him to be numb to everything around him.      Ã‚  Ã‚   One morning, Gregor awakens to find himself with the body of a beetle.   Although it never explains how Gregor morphed into a beetle, or shows that Gregor gives much thought to having the body of an insect, Kafka gives the strong impression that Gregor is extremely devoted to his work and is the sole support for his family, none of whom work themselves.   Gregor devoted himself to a life of work and self sacrifice, following ...

Blue Ocean Strategy Theory and Criticism

Outline the main components of Kim and Mauborgne’s (2004) concept of ‘Blue Ocean Strategy’. Critically assess the strengths and limitations of this approach to pursuing competitive advantage. Use relevant examples to support your argument. Introduction In the contemporary hostile business environment, innovation has become part of any company’s paramount strategy for continuous survival. Nokia, despite being the world’s largest mobile phone manufacturer having a large customer base, realized how lack of innovation to compete against rivals high end smart phones threatened its market presence. Kim and Mauborgne’s (2004) Blue Ocean Strategy is one of the major contributions in that context. Accordingly, this essay examines the Blue Ocean Strategy concept in the following order: First, the theory is explained with a real-life example. Secondly we look at few of its limitations. Thirdly, a critical appraisal of why this approach is better or worse off than other competing and value innovation theories is presented and finally the conclusion is drawn. Blue Ocean Strategy Theory According to Kim and Mauborgne (2004) the business universe consists of two distinct kinds of space: Red and Blue Oceans. Red Oceans  are the known market space where industry boundaries are defined and accepted, and the competitive rules of the game are known. Here companies try to outperform their rivals to grab a greater share of the market. As the market space gets crowded, prospects for profits and growth are reduced. Products become commodities, and cutthroat competition turns the ocean bloody and hence, the term  red ocean. Blue oceans, in contrast, refer to all the industries not in existence today—the unknown market space, untainted by competition. The essence of Blue Oceans is value innovation where demand is created rather than fought over. There is ample opportunity for rapid growth and profits. In Blue Ocean, competition is irrelevant because the rules of the game are waiting to be set. In contrast to Red Ocean which emphasizes either on cost or differentiation strategy, Blue Ocean suggests it is possible to attain both simultaneously. Pursuing this strategy is able to create high barriers to entry. There are two ways to create blue oceans: one is to give rise to completely new industries and the other is by changing the boundary of an existing industry. One of the classic examples of Blue Ocean strategy was Fords invention of Model T back in 1908. At that time the automobile industry in US was saturated (Red Ocean) with 500 small car companies manufacturing few expensive cars for the rich citizens only. Ford redefined the industry by the introduction of Model T car which was more robust, affordable and had less maintenance cost. With high demand and standardization in its product it was able to attain both differentiation and low cost. Thus instead of entering and competing on the same level Ford made the competition irrelevant by tapping into a whole new market or Blue Ocean within the existing industry. Limitations Some of the Blue Ocean Strategy limitation suggested by Bowman (2008) includes the cost associated with failed projects and innovations, the ambiguity in the industry definition and the methodology carried out for the theory. Other Strategy Theories and Approaches Competitive Strategy Forces Porter’s five forces viewing competition as the main issue that business out to be addressing is in direct contrast to Blue Ocean’s view of value innovation and creating new market. A recent research in the retail market by Barke (2010) suggests that Porter’s view of increased firm leading to lower profitability is in fact true but it does not go down alarmingly as suggested but rather a ‘pedestrian force’. Also Blue Ocean innovation in an existing market can last for 15 years before it to go down to a basic level (Barke, 2010). What that means is that the profit gains from innovation, in an existing market, are a lot more than previously supposed. Disruptive Innovation Kim and Mauborgne (2004) failed to identify the difficulty in adopting Blue Ocean strategy particularly for the established firms. Christensen and Overdorf (2004) spotted this issue in their ‘disruptive innovation’ model which bears similarity with Blue Ocean in that new markets can be created with the existing industry and ‘continual innovation’ is needed for survival. Broadly defining, it is a strategy which disturbs the trajectory f an industry it is heading to, instead of trying to change the whole industry and does so by targeting the so called non-consumers. Christensen argues that established firm’s strength in resources, process, and values culture can often lead to rigidity to change and adapt to threats or explore new markets. Easy jets incremental growth and rise in dominance against other airlines such as British Airways is a perfect example. British Airways tried to change its business model and copy Easy Jet’s low cost strategy but miserably failed due to its different value. Christensen and Overdorf (2000) highlight this issue about the ‘dangers of quickly imitating by established firms’ and instead urges new ‘organizational structure, acquisition’ means to tackle the issue. They further go on to say that small disruptive startups will always have an added advantage over established firms due to less stress in ‘managing resources’ and in CEO’s ‘quick intuitive decisions. ’ Their theory, thus, provide a whole new perspective in Blue Ocean Strategy model. Experience Innovation and Co-Creation of Value Prahalad (2004) argues that that today, customers want to be involved more and more in the production experience or become ‘co-creator’s’ instead of the ‘dominant logic’ of companies that decides which product to manufacture and sell as suggested by Blue Ocean strategy and other theories. According to him, this dominant logic fails to recognize threats, seize opportunities, growth and innovation. He suggests ‘value’ is created through experience of consuming the product rather than only measured by product, service or transaction (Prahalad, 2004: 173). This is what terms as ‘experience innovation’ that can be created through a paradigm known as ‘DART (Dialogue, Access and Choice, Risk Assessment and Transpercy). ’ Starbucks is a good example here – where people just don’t go to drink coffee but rather to experience of the coffee shop culture. Trends in Japanese Management While Blue Ocean Strategy emphasizes on finding a new market for competitive advantage, Clegg and Kono (2002) asserts that one of the rise of Japanese companies such as Hitachi and Toshiba was ‘developing strategic alliances and co operation with other companies’ (Clegg and Kono, 2002: 278). Further dissimilarity in Blue Ocean strategy includes Hamel and Prahalad (1989) ‘advantage of being a follower rather than a leader’ which enables companies to have a ‘strategic intent’ or a long term vision of winning and beating the biggest in the business such as Canon sought to beat ‘Xerox’ and ultimately matching global unit market share. Conclusion The competitive perspective suggests that companies should pay close attention to their existing markets when looking for opportunities for innovation; that competition is a much weaker force in terms of eroding the benefits from innovation. Disruptive innovation highlights the obstacles faced by firms in pursuing Blue Ocean but rightly urges firms to adopt this strategy for survival. With the current IT phenomena the experience innovation’s holistic view of measuring value through consumer is a new breadth of fresh air that should be included and be a part of Blue Ocean Strategy. Lastly, the trends in Japanese Management indicates that other successful strategy theories must also be considered alongside Blue Ocean as part of companies broader business plan to remain competitive.

Government Healthcare Pros and Cons

Government healthcare refers to government funding of healthcare services via direct payments to doctors, hospitals and other providers. In U.S. government healthcare, doctors, hospitals and other medical professionals are not employed by the government. Instead, they provide medical and health services, as normal, and are reimbursed by the government, just as insurance companies reimburse them for services. An example of a successful U.S. government healthcare program is Medicare, established in 1965 to provide health insurance for people aged 65 and over, or who meet other criteria such as disability. The U.S. is the only industrialized country in the world, democratic or non-democratic, without universal healthcare for all citizens provided by government-funded coverage. 50 Million Uninsured Americans in 2009 In mid-2009, Congress is working to reform U.S. healthcare insurance coverage which presently leaves more than 50 million men, women and children uninsured and without access to adequate medical and health services. All healthcare coverage, except for some low-income children and those covered by Medicare, is now provided only by insurance companies and other private-sector corporations. Private company insurers, though, have proven quite ineffective at controlling costs, and actively work to exclude healthcare coverage whenever feasible. Explains Ezra Klein at the Washington Post: The private insurance market is a mess. Its supposed to cover the sick and instead competes to insure the well. It employs platoons of adjusters whose sole job is to get out of paying for needed health care services that members thought were covered. In fact, multi-million bonuses are awarded annually to top healthcare executives as incentive to deny coverage to policy holders. As a result, in the United States today: Over a third of families living below the poverty line are uninsured. Hispanic Americans are more than twice as likely to be uninsured as white Americans while 21% of black Americans have no health insurance.More than 9 million children lack health insurance in America.Eighteen thousand people die each year because they are uninsured. Slate.com reported in 2007: The current system is increasingly inaccessible to many poor and lower-middle-class people... those lucky enough to have coverage are paying steadily more and/or receiving steadily fewer benefits. Latest Developments In mid-2009, several coalitions of Congressional Democrats are heatedly crafting competing healthcare insurance reform legislation. Republicans have generally not offered substantive healthcare reform legislation in 2009. President Obama has voiced support for universal healthcare coverage for all Americans which would be provided by selecting among various coverage options, including an option for government-funded healthcare (aka a public plan option or public option). However, the President has stayed safely on the political sidelines, thus far, forcing Congressional clashes, confusion, and setbacks in delivering on his campaign promise to make available a new national health plan to all Americans. Healthcare Packages Under Consideration Most Democrats in Congress support universal healthcare coverage for all Americans which offers various options for insurance providers, and includes a low-cost, government-funded healthcare option. Under the multi-option scenario, Americans satisfied with their present insurance can opt to keep their coverage. Americans dissatisfied, or without coverage, can opt for government-funded coverage. Republicans complain that the free-market competition offered by a lower-cost public-sector plan would cause private-sector insurance companies to cut their services, lose customers, would inhibit profitability, or go entirely out of business. Many progressive liberals and other Democrats believe strongly that the only fair, just U.S. healthcare delivery system would be a single payer system, such as Medicare, in which only low-cost government-funded healthcare coverage is provided to all Americans on an equal basis. Americans Favor Public Plan Option Per the Huffington Post about a June 2009 NBC/Wall Street Journal poll: ... 76 percent of respondents said it was either extremely or quite important to give people a choice of both a public plan administered by the federal government and a private plan for their health insurance. Likewise, a New York Times/CBS News poll found that The national telephone survey, which was conducted from June 12 to 16, found that 72 percent of those questioned supported a government-administered insurance plan — something like Medicare for those under 65 — that would compete for customers with private insurers. Twenty percent said they were opposed. Background Democrat Harry Truman was the first U.S. President to urge Congress to legislate government healthcare coverage for all Americans. Per Healthcare Reform in America by Michael Kronenfield, President Franklin Roosevelt intended for Social Security to also incorporate healthcare coverage for seniors, but shied away for fear of alienating the American Medical Association. In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson signed into law the Medicare program, which is a single payer, government healthcare plan. After signing the bill, President Johnson issued the first Medicare card to former President Harry Truman. In 1993, President Bill Clinton appointed his wife, well-versed attorney, Hillary Clinton, to head a commission charged with forging a massive reform of U.S. healthcare. After major political missteps by the Clintons and an effective, fear-mongering campaign by Republicans, the Clinton healthcare reform package was dead by Fall 1994. The Clinton administration never tried again to overhaul healthcare, and Republican President George Bush was ideologically opposed to all forms of government-funded social services. Healthcare reform was a top campaign issue among 2008 Democratic presidential candidates. Presidential candidate Barack Obama promised that he will make available a new national health plan to all Americans, including the self-employed and small businesses, to buy affordable health coverage that is similar to the plan available to members of Congress. See the entirety at Obama Campaign Promises: Health Care.    Pros of Government Healthcare Iconic American consumer advocate  Ralph Nader sums up the positives of government-funded healthcare  from the patients perspective: Free choice of doctor and hospital;No bills, no co-pays, no deductibles;No exclusions for  pre-existing conditions; you are insured from the day you are born;No bankruptcies due to  medical bills;No deaths due to lack of health insurance;Cheaper. Simpler. More affordable;Everybody in. Nobody out;Save taxpayers billions a year in bloated corporate administrative and executive compensation costs. Other important positives of government-funded healthcare include: 47 millions Americans lacked  healthcare insurance  coverage as of the 2008 presidential campaign season. Soaring unemployment since then have caused the the ranks of the uninsured to swell past 50 million in mid-2009.Mercifully, government-funded healthcare would provide access to  medical services  for all uninsured. And lower costs of government healthcare will cause insurance coverage to be significantly more accessible to millions of individuals and businesses.Doctors and other medical professionals can focus  on patient care, and no longer need to spend hundreds of wasted hours annually dealing with insurance companies.Patients, too, under government healthcare would never need to fritter inordinate amounts of frustrating time haggling with insurance companies. Cons of Government Healthcare Conservatives and libertarians oppose U.S. government healthcare mainly because they dont believe that its a proper role of government to provide social services to private citizens. Instead, conservatives believe that  healthcare coverage  should continue to be provided solely by private-sector for-profit insurance corporations or possibly by non-profit entities. In 2009, a handful of Congressional Republicans have suggested that perhaps the uninsured could obtain limited medical services via a  voucher system and tax credits for low-income families. Conservatives also contend that lower-cost government healthcare would impose too great of a  competitive advantage  against for-profit insurers. The  Wall Street Journal argues: In reality, equal competition between a public plan and private plans would be impossible. The public plan would inexorably crowd out private plans, leading to a single-payer system. From the patients perspective, negatives of government-funded healthcare could include: A decrease in flexibility for patients to freely choose from among the vast cornucopia of drugs,  treatment options, and surgical procedures offered today by higher-priced doctors and hospitals.Existing patient confidentiality standards, which would likely be diluted by centralized government info that would necessarily be maintained.Less potential doctors may opt to enter the medical profession due to decreased opportunities for highly compensated positions. Less doctors coupled with skyrocketing demand for doctors could lead to a shortage of medical professionals, and to longer waiting periods for appointments. Where It Stands As of late June 2009, the struggle to shape healthcare reform has only begun. The final form of successful healthcare reform legislation is anyones guess. The American Medical Association, which represents 29% of U.S. doctors, opposes any government insurance plan mainly because doctors  reimbursement rates  will be less than those from most private sector plans. Not all doctors oppose government-funded healthcare, though. Political Leaders on  Healthcare Reform On June 18, 2009, Speaker of the House  Nancy Pelosi told the press I have every confidence that we will have a public option coming out of the  House of Representatives  Ã¢â‚¬â€ that will be one that is actuarially sound, administratively self-sufficient, one that contributes as to competition, does not eliminate competition. Senate Finance Committee Chair  Max Baucus, a centrist Democrat, admitted to the press: I think a bill that passes the Senate will have some version of a public option. Moderate Blue Dog Democrats of the House say the public plan should occur only as a fallback, triggered if private insurers arent doing a good enough job on access and costs, per  Rob Kall at OpEd News. In contrast, Republican strategist and Bush advisor  Karl Rove recently penned a harshly dire  Wall Street Journal op-ed in which he warned that ... the public option is just phony. Its a bait-and-switch tactic... Defeating the public option should be a top priority for the GOP this year. Otherwise, our nation will be changed in damaging ways almost impossible to reverse. The  New York Times wisely summed up the debate  in a June 21, 2009 editorial: The debate is really over whether to open the door a crack for a new public plan to compete with the private plans. Most Democrats see this as an important element in any  health care reform, and so do we.

A Short Account Of Destruction Of The Indies By Bartolome...

For this essay I will be talking about the book â€Å"A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies† by Bartolomà © de Las Casas. Whom wrote this to the King of Spain, Prince Philip II, in 1542 to protest what was happening in the New World to the native people. I will be explaining many things during this essay. The first thing I will go over is what the books tells us about the relationship between Christianity and the colonialism. The second thing I will talk about is if it was enough to denounce the atrocities against indigenous people. Next, if it is possible to separate how De Las Casas might have been an outspoken critic of the Spanish’s treatment of indigenous people, and how he was still a part of a repressive institution. Finally, I†¦show more content†¦Getting their land taken away from them and getting killed, all while the natives were exceptionally nice and welcoming of the Spaniards. So, in the end what played a bigger role? Christianity or c olonialism? This books tells us a lot about the relationship between Christianity and colonialism. Originally, the Spaniards went to the New World to convert the natives to Christianity but, they got lazy and greedy. De Las Casas stated that â€Å"The reason the Christians have murdered on such a vast scale and killed anyone and everyone in their way is purely and simply greed† (13). The Spaniards only cared about getting the gold and conquering the land. Of course, they had the intention of converting all of the natives to Christianity at first but it was easier to conquer and to just kill the natives in horrific ways to be able convert all the land to be Christian rather than keeping the people and just converting the people. The land was easier to convert than the people. The land was especially easy to conquer because the natives were such a docile group of people and had such giving nature and were always welcoming with open arms. The Spaniards took advantage of that cha racteristic of the natives. De Las Casas states how the natives were â€Å"submissive† by saying, â€Å"Their insatiable greed and overweening ambition know no bounds; the land is fertile and rich, the inhabitants simple, forbearing and submissive† (13). TheShow MoreRelatedEssay Bartolome De Las Casas1518 Words   |  7 PagesIn A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, Bartolomà © de Las Casas vividly describes the brutality wrought on the natives in the Americas by the Europeans primarily for the purpose of proclaiming and spreading the Christian faith. Las Casas originally intended this account to reach the royal administration of Spain; however, it soon found its way into the hands of many international readers, especially after translation. Bartolomà © de Las Casas illustrates an extremely graphic and grimRead MoreA Christian Missionary Named Bartolome De Las Casas1489 Words   |  6 Pagesmissionary named Bartolomà © de Las Casas wrote about the li ttle-known realities of the brutalities occurring in the New World between Spanish conquistadors and Native Americans. Even though the Spanish originally set out to bring Christianity to the New World and its inhabitants, those evangelizing efforts soon turned into torture, mass killings, rape, and brutal slavery of the innocent natives to fulfill their greed for gold and wealth, according to Las Casas. In his primary account A Short Account of theRead MoreThe Story Of Stone Mother847 Words   |  4 Pagesobstacles in the way.†¨ Group 3, Question A Bartolome de las Casas criticized the Spanish colonization by exposing their violent practices against Native Americans to the lord who have not taken account in what was happening in the 1500s. With all the wrongs that were created by the Christians, de las Casas believed that â€Å"it is the duty of the king, with greatest study and vigilant industry, to root them out†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies,† pg 1). In the text, he mentioned thatRead MoreColumbus discovery of the Americas was very profitable for the Spanish Empire, but devastating to900 Words   |  4 PagesColumbus discovery of the Americas was very profitable for the Spanish Empire, but devastating to the Native Americans already living there for thousands of years. This is conveyed in â€Å"a Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies† by Bartolomà © de Las Casas. The main goal of Las Casas was to inform the Spanish King about the atrocities committed by the Co nquistadors to the Indian people and their land. From the beginning the rules were that the Spanish were to convert the Indians to ChristianityRead MoreMeasure For Measure, And A Short Account Of The Destruction1418 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscover not only their identity, but also their role in society. The works Heptameron, Measure for Measure, and, A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies not only highlight this notion, but also demonstrate the advancements in which one achieves when one goes against the grain. In which involves one finding their sense of identity. In the work Heptameron, a group of characters tell short narratives depicting social and moral values and practices of men and women in the sixteenth century. In oneRead MoreMeasure For Measure, And, A Short Account Of The Destruction1349 Words   |  6 Pagesto achieve a sense of freedom and independence from others. The works Heptameron, Measure for Measure, and, A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies not only highlight this notion, but also demonstrate the advancements in which one achieves when one goes against the grain. In which involves one finding their sense of identity. In the work Heptameron, a group of characters tell short narratives depicting social and moral values and practices of men and women in the sixteenth century. In oneRead MoreResearch Paper - Is Christopher Columbus a Hero or Villain2022 Words   |  9 Pagesexactly what you just read, people only know the good things Christopher Columbus brought to the world and they ignore the terrible things he did. Christopher Columbus was a villain because his discovery of the Americas eventually leads to the destruction of Native American culture, he was not the first European explorer to land in America, and he did now accomplish his mission to find India The voyages of Christopher Columbus eventually destroyed and absolutely ruined Native American culture foreverRead MoreAccess the Effects of the Spanish Settlement in Hispaniola on the Tainos During the 15th to 16th Century.2441 Words   |  10 Pagesglory and god. In the name of the Spanish Queen, Queen Isabella, Columbus and his men were to acquire colonies to improve the power of their country. They came to the Caribbean looking for a new trading route to the Indies. However, he found the Caribbean instead and called it the West Indies. Gold was seen as very important in Europe and the more a country had, the wealthier it was. With the introduction of other religions, such as the Muslim Moors, Queen Isabella was determined to spread ChristianityRead MoreEngland and Spain ´s Strategies to Conquer the New Land Essay830 Words   |  4 Pagesmoney. â€Å"The cause for which the Christians have slain and destroyed so many and such infinite numbers of souls, has been simply to get, as their ultimate end, the Indians’ gold of them.† p.2 This quote is from â€Å"A Short Account Of The Destruction Of The Indies† by Bartolomà © de las Casas. It shows that while the Spanish had an original goal of converting the natives to Christianity, somewhere along the way they lost control of their greed and their cruelty spiraled out of control. The Spanish conquistadorsRead MoreEssay On Christopher Columbus1530 Words   |  7 Pagesocean blue, to help us remember when Christopher Columbus discovered America. We learned the Spanish monarchy funded him and he set sail on the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria in hopes of finding a route to the riches that were in the west indies. He landed on an island, and this was how what we know as America was discovered and referenced as the New World. We even have a day set aside here in the United States to celebrate his accomplishment. It is difficult to believe that growing up

Preparing Action Towards Requiring Gmo Labels On All Food...

To initiate action towards requiring GMO labels on all food packaging, the audience we aim to target is families with kids and young adults with the overall interest in cautious eating. More specifically, within our audience, it is aimed to target those who stand in the higher income percentage because, organic foods tend to be higher in sales price and, therefore, it would be easier for the wealthy to indulged in these organic foods. If our audience is able to spend extra money on food that doesn’t contain GMOs, then, we believe that this will start to affect the companies distributing the GMO food and untimely get them to change their food production practices from GMO use to organic farming. Once enough of an impact has been made on†¦show more content†¦This strategy seems to exasperate all other options for GMO distributors, because sales would simply decline and the profit would not be the same. The people that cannot participate in this movement, will soon enoug h have an option as to what food they would like to consume, as well as the ability to know what exactly it is they are purchasing. First, however the wealthy families and young adults will need to do the first step so that everyone else can follow. Reasons for including young adults in the intended audience to target is because, they have the choice of the foods they would like to purchase which puts another advantage to the overall aimed resolution. If younger generations are becoming more informed on the impacts that GMOs have on the environment, which would affect their futures, as well as a harmful effect to their own bodies. This would initiate a shift in the ways these young adults choose to grocery shop. When targeting the specific audience, already existing venues work best here. Whole Food, a grocery store that is known for selling organic food as well as being one of many recognized stores around the country is eventually going to incorporate GMO use in all their food lab els by 2018. This is important because it will allow people to go from home to a venue that already exists exhibiting how prominent GMOs actually are. It will shock people when it is realized just how

Environment Management Varying Proportions

Question: Describe about the Environment Management for Varying Proportions. Answer: The world has seen a lot of change in bio-diversity due to the impact of human interventions. Human activity has risen due to complete motivation arising from economic, cultural, aesthetic and spiritual concerns that have been responsible for a large number of changes with the environment. These factors have now gained global significance. The topic under consideration in order to answer the questions below is thus related to the impact of human interventions in the loss of bio-diversity a paramount concern. Human interventions have led to changes in biodiversity in varying proportions. These changes in turn lead to a lot of changes with respect to vulnerability to species invasions. There are also evidences of changes in specific traits in organisms as a direct consequence of such changes. Thus this altered ecosystem process can influence the existing ecology and a feedback generated can help the humanity to mitigate the damage done to biodiversity. This has also lead to certain rules and structures in place to avoid such issues. We will discuss these protocols in the context of the below questions. What systems, process, mechanisms or structures have been put in place to mitigate the impact on the environment, as a consequence of human activity? There are several ways in which the consequences of environmental activities can be mitigated. There could be legal and socially acceptable ways to monitor such progress. The several ways can be changes in scientific community interventions that can guide and inform citizens about the damage from time to time. Let us look at each of these mitigation efforts one at a time. The community must identify its efforts that lead to a generation of nonlinearities and a complete threshold of responses in the complete ecosystem that can lead to changes. They must strive to move in a faster way to decide and decipher the changes in environmental diversity. The next idea is around awareness and spreading the word that changes in biodiversity also impacts the environment in a large number of ways. The scientific community and the proactive citizens must convey the message to policy makers, public servants and also the public since there are a lot of public awareness issues that have been faced. These changes thus become not responsive to mitigation once they have occurred. Then comes the role of private companies and land managers who must consider the ecological and social consequences of having biodiversity changes. This impacts land-use planning and integration. There will be consequences of having loss in nonlinear future changes as well as support to managed landscapes that can support regional biodiversity and implementation of policies in that regard. There have to management and adaptive process integration in this phase. There should be a strong collaboration of scientific community and government organizations. The community must identify its efforts that lead to a generation of nonlinearities and a complete threshold of responses in the complete ecosystem that can lead to changes. They must strive to move in a faster way to decide and decipher the changes in environmental diversity. The community must identify its efforts that lead to a generation of nonlinearities and a complete threshold of responses in the complete ecosystem that can lead to changes. The collaboration must be from local and national levels and must ensure that changes in policies are made according to the changes in biodiversity. There should be restrictions on the export and import of biotic materials that damage DNA of species and alter it in certain ways. Improved land and watershed management can also come into picture. This impacts land-use planning and integration. There are also evidences of changes in specific traits as a direct consequence of such changes. Apart from this the new IPCC committee has been conceived and this has led to collaborations between all the governments and the scientific community. Thus the changes in biodiversity and its consequence on the integral component of the assessment of societal impact of climate change needs to be monitored. The international bodies need to establish and implement the advances in conventional norms of biodiversity has led to reduction in these activities. These activities include fossil fuel emissions and land-use changes with biological introductions. Why are these systems, process, mechanisms or structures in place? Is it due to population growth? Why has the population grown? What draws people to a single location that requires such engineering solutions? Will growth continue and what can the systems, process, mechanisms or structures handle the load? These systems and processes have been in place to stop the trigger to the seventh major extinction event in the history of wildlife and ecology. The sixth major extinction event has already got triggered. The history of life suggests that there is a global change in the distribution of organisms. These changes in biodiversity and alteration of in the resilience of ecosystem can lead to damage in environmental changes (Glasson, Therivel and Chadwick 2013). There are fatal consequences of having the services that have driven the ecosystems to such degrading levels. These large ecosystems have led to minimization of changes in future solutions to global issues and environmental problems (Hernandez and Allen 2014). Human beings have altered the global environment extensively, there have been several changes in the biogeochemical cycles and land transformation. There have also been changes in the ways of having the enhancements in mobility of data and land transformation. Apart from this fossil fuel combustion issues there have also been issues with deforestation and increased CO2 in the atmosphere the increase has reached as alarming levels as a 30% increase in the past four centuries. The concentration of methane has also doubled and this has contributed to climate warming (Azcue 2012). These greenhouse gases will cause significant climate changes across the globe in the coming centuries this will lead to extinction of even greater number of species and would take longer than usual for the same. Next comes the trouble in land due to nitrogen fixation and other human activities. There have been several changes that have led to mass extinction in ecological coastal areas. Describe how these systems, process, mechanisms or structures have changed since their inception. How has advances in technology, science and engineering allowed them to change and evolve. In order to answer this question let us look at the 1992 UN framework convention for climate change which is termed as UNFCCC. As per UNFCCC the climate change is due to alteration in the global atmosphere as a consequence of human activity interventions (Westhoek and Oenema 2014). But when we look at the definitions of the IPCC which is the intergovernmental panel on climate change we can see that there are several references to land use change and impact on bio diversity (Blaikie and Wisner 2014). In their own words, climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability... Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcing, or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use (IPCC, 2001). Thus the scientific impact of global average temperatures and both sea and surface temperature variations can be seen. They have studied the impact on local and global events, they have also studied the importance of frequency and intensity of operations (Ditchkoff and Gibson 2012). We can also look at the changes in the soil moisture and above- and below-ground biomass levels. The local precipitation data is also studied. There are fatal consequences of having the services that have driven the ecosystems to such degrading levels. These large ecosystems have led to minimization of changes in future solutions to global issues and environmental problems. These changes in biodiversity and alteration of in the resilience of ecosystem can lead to damage in environmental changes. There has to be a clear cut effect of having a security match-up to ensure the better parts of the environmental system does not crack down. This will lead to a better investment of the resources that will lead to a better security from corporate lapses (Smith 2013). As per the latest protocol which is the Kyoto Protocol there have been several discussions on restrictive anthropogenic carbon dioxide and corresponding discharges of the other potential greenhouse gases. Thus this concentration of greenhouse gases needs to be reduced further in order to ensure better operability of the land resources (Lindenmayer and Fischer 2013). The other issue is to look at the security issues faced by the private companies while they make environmental deals. There are several companies that are most particular about environmental security. There are several information security class action suits that are filed when there is a breach. The amount runs into tens of thousands of dollars. These factors have led to changes in biodiversity in varying proportions. These changes in turn lead to a lot of changes in vulnerability to species invasions (McMichael 2013). Does legislation exist around your chosen environmental impact that ensures mitigation measure are in place to control the outcomes? We can see that there are several regulations as we already discussed some of these. There are governmental and international bodies that have been set up primarily to regulate the environmental cycles and such behaviors. There have to complete environmental solidarity for such effectiveness. There also needs to be strong impetus on local level legislation to ensure there is energy security and minimized damage to environment. The world is at the cross roads right now. We all know that the Earth has becomes an experimental field and one of the largest one in the history of mankind. There have been human effects on every phase of activity, biogeochemical cycles and land use regulations. There have be stringent regulations in this phase. The planets ecosystem is facing a huge shift in the way the altered bio diversity can impact us. We can see it in the food chain itself for instance. Thus this concentration of greenhouse gases needs to be reduced further in order to ensure better operability of the land resources. There have to be species introductions for the same. In the past Montreal Protocol prohibited the release of chlorofluorocarbons/ CFCs with response from scientific evidence suggesting that these chemicals have led to loss of ozone and increased the level of cancer producing radiations like UV-B (Dullinger and Pergl 2013). There are strong evidence of changes in the way biodiversity has manifested in the economy. Thus there needs to a blueprint for common action by communities and governments. Then comes the role of private companies and land managers who must consider the ecological and social consequences of having biodiversity changes. The business landscape needs the strict guidance of the legal organization since the organizations have to act responsibly with respect to the environment and thus require safety of information as the most important thing for survival. References Ditchkoff, S.S. and Gibson, C.J., 2012. Animal behavior in urban ecosystems: modifications due to human-induced stress.Urban Ecosystems,9(1), pp.5-12. Westhoek, H.and Oenema, O., 2014. Food choices, health and environment: effects of cutting Europe's meat and dairy intake.Global Environmental Change,26, pp.196-205. Glasson, J., Therivel, R. and Chadwick, A., 2013.Introduction to environmental impact assessment. Routledge. Dullinger, S.and Pergl, J., 2013. Europes other debt crisis caused by the long legacy of future extinctions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,110(18), pp.7342-7347 McMichael, A.J., 2013. Globalization, climate change, and human health.New England Journal of Medicine,368(14), pp.1335-1343. Smith, K., 2013.Environmental hazards: assessing risk and reducing disaster. Routledge. Lindenmayer, D.B. and Fischer, J., 2013.Habitat fragmentation and landscape change: an ecological and conservation synthesis. Island Press. Blaikie, P. and Wisner, B., 2014.At risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters. Routledge. Hernandez, R.R. and Allen, M.F., 2014. Environmental impacts of utility-scale solar energy.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,29, pp.766-779. Azcue, J.M. ed., 2012.Environmental impacts of mining activities: emphasis on mitigation and remedial measures. Springer Science Business Media.

James Bond films Essay Example

James Bond films Essay James Bond is a simple secret agent based on the books by Ian Fleming that were first created in the early 1950s, but has become an international British legend and the most successful film franchise ever. In forty years, twenty films have been made starring five different actors, each film being as brilliant and unique as the previous one. The Bond formula has remained successful because of the large number of differences and similarities between each film as well as the many simple characteristics of the Bond franchise. The charm, wit and heroic figure of James Bond has for many years made men want to be Bond and women want to be with Bond. Over the forty years, James Bond has developed many trademarks which are due to the effects of music, action, special editing and of course the unique plot of each film thought up by Ian Fleming. The opening sequence of every Bond film starts off with Bond in a dinner suit walking across the screen with a point-of-view shot from the barrel of a gun. Bond then abruptly turns and shoots the person aiming the gun; blood pours down the screen, and then cuts to the next shot. Every time a person watches this sequence, they can immediately establish that it is a James Bond film not only due to the special editing, but also the music. Bond has a world famous theme tune which is another trademark. In both the credit scenes of Goldfinger and Goldeneye, the soundtrack is sung by women with very strong, powerful voices who are Tina Turner and Shirley Bassie. We will write a custom essay sample on James Bond films specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on James Bond films specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on James Bond films specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The title of the film is continuously mentioned in the song and onscreen, there are silhouettes of girls or reflections of them on gold. This effect helps the audience to establish the genre of the film. The way Bond is introduced into each film usually has an impact on the audience. In Goldeneye, the audience sees a man on a mission dressed in black, however they are denied the mans identity, therefore many questions are raised such as Who is that? and What is he doing? . Suspense builds when the man does a bungee jump and the audience wonders why and whether he will survive or not. During this sequence, sound effects also add to the tension with plenty of diagetic sounds such as his footsteps, the plane and the loud gate. As the bungee jump is performed, there is a long silent and dramatic pause that is then broken by the sound of a gunshot which turns out to be one of Bonds numerous gadgets to draw him safely towards the ground. These all give the effect of action, drama and mystery which thrill the audience because it is exactly what they expect from a Bond film. In other films, Bond does not always appear in the opening sequence, and for instance, other men, whose identities are denied, will appear during the action and then may get killed to mislead the audience to wonder whether that was Bond who just died. However in Goldfinger, Bond enters in a wetsuit underwater, in low key lighting with a seagull on his head as a disguise. This time the only mystery is what Bond is up to but the use of a seagull creates humour and cuts any tension there may be within the audience. The audience then simply has to watch as Bond typically plants a bomb in the building. Once he completes this task, he simply removes his wetsuit to reveal an immaculately dressed secret agent in a dinner suit. This is a typical image of James Bond tiny characteristics such as his sartorial elegance is exactly what makes him such a unique character. In the opening sequence of Goldeneye, the loud diagetic sound of a plane is heard from a helicopter shot of an enormous dam which cuts straight to the man on a mission. The helicopter shot achieves the image of one man against an immense monolithic adversary which emphasises Bonds heroic figure. It is also clear to see that James Bond is typically British with his unusual politeness as well as his accent and dialogue. For example, in Goldeneye, he sneaks up on an enemy in the toilets and just before he punches the man, Bond says, Beg your pardon, forgot to knock. It is his iconic Englishness that also makes Bond a unique and memorable secret agent. James Bond is admired by women for his good looks and charms; however he does not always appear to be the perfect gentleman. Bond easily knows how to seduce a woman, by simply using his charms, although the audience does notice how quickly his behaviour changes in different situations. In Goldfinger, he is seen with three different women in the first few scenes alone. After seducing each one, he first uses one woman as a shield against an attacking enemy, and then later dismisses a woman in a rude and sexist manner. He appears to be charming but is remorselessly brutal when he needs to be. The way Bond quickly seduces different women, but never thinks about a more long-term partner emphasises the idea of working alone. James Bond is always working by himself never as part of a team and this also adds to his brave and heroic figure. There is always a villain in every Bond film, usually just as brutal as Bond and will do anything to defeat him. In Goldeneye the smartly dressed villain enters with an army of men aiming guns at Bond. When one of the men try to shoot Bond after being ordered not to, he is immediately shot by the villain. Similarly to Bond, the villain is brutal and feels no remorse for his actions. It seems the villain can never be any real threat towards Bond because all James Bond films have become predictable to a certain extent and the audience knows that the chances of Bond being killed are almost impossible. It is the special features of every Bond film such as the character of Bond, girls, villains, cars, gadgets, his iconic Englishness and of course the plot, which is what makes the Bond formula so successful. The James Bond franchise is so successful that spoofs have been created to try and match its fame, such as Austin Powers, but of course these could never match the success achieved by Bond.